Lesson 4 & 5

Thermometers & Absolute Zero

There are a few different ways to scale something's temperature. Many thermometers contain a type of liquid like alcohol or mercury.

Differences in temperature cause changes in volume


There are particles that make up substances for example liquids, and these particles are moving around in random but determined paths in the liquid. They move at steady paces bumping off of each other and the container, but the speed of the particles can change causing the changes in volume.

• Gases that are heated expand

- the particles are heated and start moving faster and faster with more energy causing the expansion

• Gases that are cooled contract

- the particles are cooled down and they move slower with less energy in the liquid causing it to contract

Temperature of gas is the measure of the average energy of motion of gas particles.

Making a Scale to Measure Temperature

Find:

• Melting point or melting temperature - point where the substance melts or freezes. At this point a solid could melt or the liquid would freeze

ex: block of ice could melt at waters melting point or liquid water could freeze into a solid block of ice.

• Boiling point or boiling temperature - point where a substance boils or condenses. Boiling allows liquid to evaporate into gas but at the same temperature, gas can condense into liquid.

Degree - increment of temperature corresponding to one unit on a thermometer. The size of the degree depends on the temperature scale

- Fahrenheit or Celsius

Convert using the formula F=9/5(C)+32

Converting to Kelvin - K=C+273 or C=K-273

Absolute Zero - temperature 0 degrees Kelvin(K) where the volume of gas is theoretically zero

Practice Problems

3(on lesson 4). Celsius temperature scale is made around zero being freezing and 100 being boiling so it is easier to remember. Celsius can also be converted to Kelvin.

4(on lesson 5). Fahrenheit- 32degrees and 212degrees Celsius- 0degrees and 100degrees Kelvin- -273.15degrees Celsius and 373.15degrres Celsius

Posted with Blogsy