Unit 4 Lesson 18

Acid-Base Theories

Acids

• Made up of main group nonmetals like carbon, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine
• All have hydrogen
• Break apart to form one H+ and an anion

Bases

• Contain metal atoms and an hydroxide ion, OH-
• Except for hydroxides, the name isn't helpful to identifying them as bases

Changing definitions of acids and bases:

• Arrhenius definition- an acid is any substance that adds a hydrogen ion to a solution. A base is any substance that adds a hydroxide ion to a solution.
• Bronsted-Lowry definition- an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor

Acids add H+ (one proton) to the solution

Bases add OH- to the solution

Strong Acids and Bases- dissociate completely in a solution to form only ions. They are good conductors of electricity.

Weak Acids and Bases- only partially dissociate in a solution. Less corrosive

Practice Problems
4. a) acid b) acid c) base d) acid e) acid f) acid g) acid h) base
6. a) 20 OH- ions

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